Japanissa lehtiä kompostoidaan kolme kuukautta ja tuloksena on massaa, jota kutsutaan sukumo'ksi ja sellaisena indigo säilyy valmiina käytettäväksi perinteisellä fermentoimistavalla. Täällä englanniksi hyviä kuvia japanilaisen indigon viljelystä ja käsittelystä.
Minä en kuitenkaan uskaltanut uhrata kasvattamiani lehtiä kompostointikokeiluihin, syksyllä ei olisi ollut paikkaa missä lämpötila olisi varmasti pysynyt tarpeeksi lämpimänä tarpeeksi pitkään, ja toisaalta pienellä määrällä lehtiä kompostoituminen ei olisi varmaankaan lähtenyt käyntiinkään.
Toisaalta mm Wildcolours- sivuilla kerrotaan, miten uutettua pigmenttiä voi tiivistää ja lopulta kuivata säilytystä varten, mutta sekin tuntui syksyn kiireissä liian hankalalta.
Niinpä sitten
-leikkasin kasvit, riivin lehdet ja huuhtelin ne puhtaassa vedessä.
-laitoin lehdet joko lasipurkkiin vesihauteeseen tai isoon kattilaan verkkopussissa, päälle hanakuumaa vettä niin että lehdet juuri peittyivät, ja nostin lämpötilan 60-65C, jossa pidin sitä 3-5 tuntia. Pidin lämpöä mielummin viileämpänä ja pidensin uuton aikaa, kuin otin riskin, että lämpö olisi noussut yli 70C, jonka sanotaan tuhoavan indigotinin esiasteita.
-sitten lehdet pois liemestä, ja emäksen lisäys, niin että pH nousi 9:ään (yleensä 50g pesusoodaa riitti, mutta tämä riippuu nesten määrästä) ja liemi muuttui tumman vihreäksi
-tämän jälkeen liemen hapetusta vatkaamalla 10-15 minuttia, jolloin liemi muuttui mustansiniseksi.
Olen kirjoittanut indigon eristyksestä väritattaren lehdistä aiemmin mm myös täällä.
Tämän jälkeen lientä olisi voinut valmistaa värjäystä varten, mutta koska en ehtinyt värjätä, niin annoin hapetetun liemen ensin seistä vähintään vuorokauden, mielummin kaksi, jolloin sininen pigmentti oli alkanut painua pohjalle ja ylempänä oleva liemi oli sinivihreää. Kaadoin varovasti vihreää lientä pinnalta pois ja otin pohjalla olevan sinisemmän osan talteen isoon kannelliseen lasipurkkiin.
Ensimmäisestä tällaisesta uutoksesta kokeilin värjätä pinnalta otetulla sinivihreällä liemellä (normaalilla indigovärjäystavalla), mutta väristä tuli todella heikko vaalean sininen eli käytännössä siinä ei ollut indigotinia juuri lainkaan, vaan indigotiini oli pohjalla. Myöhemmiltä varastouutoksilta heitinkin pois tämän päällä olevan liemen parin päivän seisotuksen jälkeen.
In English
Last summer I got a good crop from Japanese indigo (Persicaria tinctoria). Besides the bed in the picture above, I had another big bed and about 20 plants inside the greenhouse, total about 100 plants from which I got about 20 kilos of leaves (without stems). From the greenhouse I got two good crops, but from the outside mostly only one, this summer was not so hot. I harvested some from the outside in August, and they grew back some more, but not as much as the previous hotter summer, but mostly I harvested the first big crop in September.
Because I had a lot of leaves to process at the same time, I had to try to store some of them.
In Japan they ferment the leaves for three months, and get a mass they call sukumo, which has the concentrated indigotin and then could be either stored or used in traditional fermenting vats. Here are good pictures of growing and fermenting Japanese indigo in Japan.
I didn't dare to try fermenting my precious leaves, autumn in Finland is not so warm and I didn't have a good place inside, and besides I would have had to use all the leaves, I don't think fermenting would start with a small amount.
Another way of storing the indigo was shown in Wildcolours pages, but drying the extracted indigo seemed too difficult for me in the autumn, when there was all other work to do also.
So I decided to try to store the liquid in big glass jars.
-I cut the plants, stripped the leaves from the stems and rinsed them in clean water
-I put the leaves in big glass jars in double boiler or in a big kettle in a mesh bag, covered them with had hot tap water and raised the temperature slowly to 60-65C and kept it there for 3-5 hours. I rather used the lower temperature and longer extraction time, than took the risk of the temp getting over 70C which is said to destroy the precursors of indigotin in Japanese indigo.
-Then I took the leaves from the liquid, and added alkaline washing soda to raise the pH to 9 (mostly I needed 50grams, but it depends on the amount of liquid you have, so a pH meter is a good to have), and the color of the liquid turns now to dark green
-then I oxydised the liquid for 10-15 minutes, until it had turned to dark inky blue and no new blue froth appeared.
I have written earlier about extraction of indigo from fresh leaves also here.
After this stage the liquid could have been prepared for dyeing, but because I didn't have time, I let the oxydized liquid first sit for one to two days, by which time there was blue sediment (indigotin) on the bottom and the liquid on the top was green. I carefully took part of the green liquid off from the top and poured the blue from the bottom to a glass jar.
From my first extraction I dyed with the green liquid (like with indigo normally), but got practically no color at all, very very pale blue, so it was obvious that most of the indigotin was really in the sediment. Later from the other extractions, I threw the green liquid from the top away.
Varastossa oli nyt neljä isoa purkillista uutetta väritattaresta, kuvasta ei valitettavasti näy se mitä pitäisi, eli oikeanpuoleisessa purkissa on jäljellä sinistä sakkaa, ja vasemmassakin oikeasti näkyy raja sinisen sakan ja tummanvihreän muun liemen välillä. Liemen pinnalla ei ole mitään sinistä, en ymmärrä miksi kuvassa näkyy sellaista, ihmeellistä.
Kokeilin nytkin värjätä ensin sillä vihreällä liemellä, mutta siitä ei tullut paljoakaan väriä, vasta kun kaadoin väripataan loputkin pohjalla olevan sakan, sain hyvää sinistä lankoihin:)
Liemet ovat säilyneet hyvin syyskuusta tähän asti viileässä, en lisännyt niihin mitään säilöntäainetta, kun sellaista ei ollut kotona, mutta hometta tai muuta epämääräistä purkkeihin ei ole ilmestynyt.
pH nyt käyttämissäni purkeissa oli pudonnut säilytyksen aikana, se oli nyt n 8 tai vähän alle, joten värjäyksen alussa jouduin lisäämään tuhkalipeää liemeen. Muuten kaikki onnistui hyvin, mutta jotenkin tuli sellainen olo, että kesällä olisin vastaavalla määrällä lehdistä tehdyllä uutteella saanut värjätyksi isomman määrän lankaa ja muistiinpanotkin hiukan vahvistavat tätä. Tosin koska kasvit kasvoivat eri penkeissä, kasvuolosuhteissakin on voinut olla eroa ja korjuuajankohdassa, ja luulen, että koska nyt uutin isomman määrän lehtiä aina kerralla, niin jotain meni hukkaan, kaikki pigmentti ei tullut talteen. Lisätestailuja ja värjäyksiä odottaa ensi kesänä:) Näin kuitenkin sain talteen jotain omaa indigoväriainetta kunnes uusi satokausi koittaa.
Mieleni tekisi uhrata yksi purkki oikeaa käyttämisvärjäystä varten, mm täällä Japanese indigodye-blogissa on hieno kuvaus sukumolla tehdystä värjäyksestä, jossa emäksenä on tuhkalipeää ja liemen pelkistämisen tekevät sukumossa olevat luontaiset bakteerit. Voi tietysti olla, että minun purkeissani ei bakteereita löydy:(
Saa nyt nähdä, milloin uskallan kokeilla fermentoimiskyyppiä indigon kanssa, ehkä kesä on parempaa aikaa kun on lämpimämpi.
In English
I had four big jars in storage, in the picture you can't really see what I meant to show. In the jar on the right there is only the blue indigo sediment in the bottom and in the jar on the left in reality you can see where the dark blue sediment changes to green liquid. In reality ther is no light blue near the top, I don't know what that is in the picture (it looks like blue froth, but there is no such thing in the jar, at least right now)
The liquid has kept well since September, there has been no mold. I have kept the jars in cool cellar, and since I didn't have any preservative when I made the extractions, I haven't added anything to the jars.
The pH in the jars has dropped during the storage, it was now 8 in the ones I opened, so I had to add more woodash to raise the pH to 9 when I started to dye with them. I tried to dye with the green liquid on the top, but like in the autumn, it gave only a very pale blue. The pigment in the bottom worked well and gave good blues, although I have a feeling that when I dyed with fresh extractions in the summer, with the same amount of leaves, I then got to dye more yarns. Actually my notes confirm this. But it is difficult to compare, the plants were in different beds and time of the harvest was different and perhas when I used the bigger amount of leaves for these storage extractions (4 kilos instead of 1 or 2), some of the pigment got lost somewhere during the extraction process. More experiments are waiting:)
Anyway, at least this was a good way for me to preserve the indigodye for the winter and spring, before the new plants start to grow.
Here in Japanese indigodye-blog is a really good blogging with pictures about Japanese fermentation dyeing with sukumo, I am tempted to save one jar to try the fermentation method, but I don't know if my jars contain any suitable bacteria:(
Anyway, summer would propably be best time to try, when the temperatures are better, even inside we have now only 18C at nights.
Hei Leena,
ReplyDeleteolipa mielenkiintoista! Kiitos ihan mahtavasta tavastasi jakaa meille kaikille tietoa ja kokemuksiasi.
Kata
So interesting. I plan to do a lot more natural dyeing this year. The chemistry aspect is daunting to me though...
ReplyDeleteKiitos Kata, hyvä jos tästä on apua muillekin:) Ainakin itse luen vanhoja postauksia uudelleen, kun en enää muista mitä olen tehnyt, vaikka yksittäiset värjäykset on ylhäällä vihkossa, niin yhtenvedot on hyviä jälkikäteen.
ReplyDeleteHi Jasmine, thanks:)
Don't be afraid of the chemistry part of natural dyeing, it isn't necessary at all, it is just my own peculiarity that I always want to know why:)
Hi Leena,
ReplyDeleteI already have the seeds ready for sewing.
When do you plant them? I suppose inside your house first...and after 20 june planting outside??
Alet
very interesting. i am always surprised at the intricacies of indigo, and wait eagerly until spring when i can grow a crop, hopefully, again.
ReplyDeleteThanks Alet and Velma!
ReplyDeleteI sow the seeds of japanese indigo inside about 8-10 weeks before I can plant them outside after the last frosts. Japanese indigo is very sensitive to frost and dies if it gets cold unlike woad which doesn't mind little frost.
thank you for keeping a record and sharing it with us. i don't know if i can be as successful as you in growing indigo here in southern california- perhaps not enough rain but i am testing out the idea.
ReplyDeleteHi, oh I wish I lived in California (at least right now when it is -20C here). I think you could grow even real indigo (Indigofera) there. I remember reading that in Italy they get more that 3 crops/year from Japanese indigo, so I think it would grow well in California, hmm, if you have enough water. Perhaps Indigofera plants don't need so much water??
ReplyDeleteVery interesting & informative as usual, Leena. Have you tried storing the Japanese indigo solution in the same way as I suggest storing woad solution? I can't see why it wouldn't work. The recipe is in "Colours from Nature" & it's really very simple. I've got excellent blues from solutions that I've stored for several years.
ReplyDeletePS I love your latest mittens!
Jenny (Dean)
Hi Jenny, thank you.
ReplyDeleteI don't know why the indigotin concentrated all in the bottom and didn't stay in solution, I got the impression that that didn't happen in your stored solution?
i came back to this post to report to you my success in growing the japanese indigo here in southern california. i was able to get 4 cuttings throughout the last summer as well as let the last flower for seed collection. i have not even replanted yet as the bed self sowed from all the dropped seed and i did the first cut already (march 25!!) and have now dried and stored it. i really want to figure out a way to produce sukumo so i tried the ice chest method of composting the leaves. it seems to have been working up to a point. i did not let it go for the full 100 days however. i admit to rushing it as it looked so composted after about 60 days i decided to experiment with it. i created a fermentation vat using my indigo muck. it dyed a moderate blue but didnt last for too long. i think i need a lot more leaves next time. and i do now understand the need to let it completely compost. when using this vat, the fabric came out very green. much of that was green from plant material and washed off easily. so still not composted nearly enough. good to know. i am traveling to japan in a month or so and have found an indigo farmer who makes sukumo willing to sell me some. i hope to meet them as well. we will see. i really would like to devise a way to compost the leaf to sukumo that suits my space here. i dont have the resources here to build a composting shed...
ReplyDeleteThank you! It is very interesting to hear about your ice-pack composting, because I don't have space (or space to grow enough indigo) for a composting shed. I did also try composting in ice-pack for dry leaves last year, but I forgot it for a while and the leaves got moldy. I still have them, but haven't tried to dye with them. I will have to try it again this year, thanks!
ReplyDeleteYour climate is so good for indigo, both for growing it (the first harvest already!), and also for the fermenting. I haven't been able to keep the fermenting vat going, I don't like to use electricity for heating it and our summer, not even in July, is not warm enough for the fermentation:( I have to keep on trying to figure out a way to keep the vat warm, I have almost given up on it, but your comment made me think that I will have to try again!